Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2007) - Montserrat (2004)

Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2007) z Montserrat (2004)

	Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2007)	Montserrat (2004)

Administrative divisions	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)	3 parishes; Saint Anthony, Saint Georges, Saint Peter
Age structure	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA	0-14 years: 23.3% (male 1,092; female 1,062) 15-64 years: 65.5% (male 2,889; female 3,162) 65 years and over: 11.2% (male 543; female 497) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products; fish, squid	cabbages, carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, peppers, livestock products
Airports	6 (2007)	1 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)	total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 4 under 914 m: 4 (2007)	-
Area	total: 12,173 sq km land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands	total: 102 sq km land: 102 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Connecticut	about 0.6 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced an Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982.	Much of this island was devastated and two-thirds of the population fled abroad because of the eruption of the Soufriere Hills Volcano that began on 18 July 1995.
Birth rate	NA	17.63 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	revenues: $66.2 million expenditures: $67.9 million (FY98/99 est.)	revenues: $31.4 million expenditures: $31.6 million, including capital expenditures of $8.4 million (1997 est.)
Capital	name: Stanley geographic coordinates: 51 42 S, 57 51 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in September; ends third Sunday in April	Plymouth (abandoned in 1997 due to volcanic activity; interim government buildings have been built at Brades Estate, in the Carr's Bay/Little Bay vicinity at the northwest end of Montserrat)
Climate	cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate	tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation
Coastline	1,288 km	40 km
Constitution	3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998	present constitution came into force 19 December 1989
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Montserrat
Currency	-	East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Death rate	NA	7.36 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	$NA	$8.9 million (1997)
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina	overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	Argentina, which claims the islands in its constitution and briefly occupied them by force in 1982, agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force; UK continues to reject Argentine requests for sovereignty talks	none
Economic aid - recipient	$0 (1997 est.)	As of 31 March 2003, UK's DFID had provided about $328 million in economic relief from volcanic activity, and by 31 March 2006, DFID aid is expected to total $411 million.
Economy - overview	The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falkland Islands' exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which help support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date, no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism, especially eco-tourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. Another large source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost.	Severe volcanic activity, which began in July 1995, has put a damper on this small, open economy. A catastrophic eruption in June 1997 closed the airports and seaports, causing further economic and social dislocation. Two-thirds of the 12,000 inhabitants fled the island. Some began to return in 1998, but lack of housing limited the number. The agriculture sector continued to be affected by the lack of suitable land for farming and the destruction of crops. Prospects for the economy depend largely on developments in relation to the volcano and on public sector construction activity. The UK has launched a three-year $122.8 million aid program to help reconstruct the economy. Half of the island is expected to remain uninhabitable for another decade.
Electricity - consumption	14.88 million kWh (2005)	2.325 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	16 million kWh (2005)	2.5 million kWh (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m	lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Chances Peak (in the Soufriere Hills volcanic complex) 914 m
Environment - current issues	overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the 1986 Chornobyl disaster	land erosion occurs on slopes that have been cleared for cultivation
Ethnic groups	British	black, white
Exchange rates	Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.5434 (2006), 0.5504 (2005), 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002) note: the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound	East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor Alan HUCKLE (since 25 August 2006); Chief Executive Chris SIMPKINS (since March 2003); note - Dr. Tim THOROGOOD will assume the position of Chief Executive in January 2008 cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Deborah Barnes JONES (since 10 May 2004) head of government: Chief Minister John OSBORNE (since 5 April 2001) cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, the chief minister, three other ministers, the attorney general, and the finance secretary elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party usually becomes chief minister
Exports	NA bbl/day	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	wool, hides, meat, fish, squid	electronic components, plastic bags, apparel, hot peppers, live plants, cattle
Exports - partners	Spain 81.9%, US 6%, UK 4.5% (2006)	US, Antigua and Barbuda
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising was once the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT	blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Montserratian coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a woman standing beside a yellow harp with her arm around a black cross
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $29 million (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 95% industry: NA% services: NA% (1996)	agriculture: 5.4% industry: 13.6% services: 81% (1996 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $3,400 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	-1% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	51 45 S, 59 00 W	16 45 N, 62 12 W
Geography - note	deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season	the island is entirely volcanic in origin and contains seven active volcanoes
Highways	-	total: 227 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km note: volcanic eruptions beginning in 1995 destroyed most of the road system (2003)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs	-	transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe
Imports	NA bbl/day	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing	machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured goods, fuels, lubricants, and related materials
Imports - partners	UK 72.5%, US 15.1%, Netherlands 8.5% (2006)	US, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, Japan, Canada
Independence	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA
Industries	fish and wool processing; tourism	tourism, rum, textiles, electronic appliances
Infant mortality rate	total: NA male: NA female: NA	total: 7.56 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.8 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	3.6% (1998)	2.6% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	ICFTU, UPU	Caricom, CDB, ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), OECS, UPU
Irrigated land	NA	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction	Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia, one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the High Court)
Labor force	1,724 (est.) (1996)	4,521 ; note - lowered by flight of people from volcanic activity (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing) industry and services: 5% (1996)	agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (2005)	arable land: 20% permanent crops: 0% other: 80% (2001)
Languages	English	English
Legal system	English common law	English common law and statutory law
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats; 2 members are ex officio and 8 are elected by popular vote; to serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor elections: last held 17 November 2005 (next to be held in November 2009) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 8	unicameral Legislative Council (11 seats, 9 popularly elected; members serve five-year terms) note: expanded in 2001 from 7 to 9 elected members with attorney general and financial secretary sitting as ex-officio members elections: last held April 2001 (next to be held by November 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NPLM 7, NPP 2 note: in 2001, the Elections Commission instituted a single constituency/voter-at-large system whereby all eligible voters cast ballots for all nine seats of the Legislative Council
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA male: NA female: NA	total population: 78.53 years male: 76.39 years female: 80.78 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	NA	definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 97% male: 97% female: 97% (1970 est.)
Location	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina	Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico
Map references	South America	Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	territorial sea: 3 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	-	none
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	no regular military forces	no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	NA	-
National holiday	Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)	Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)
Nationality	noun: Falkland Islander(s) adjective: Falkland Island	noun: Montserratian(s) adjective: Montserratian
Natural hazards	strong winds persist throughout the year	severe hurricanes (June to November); volcanic eruptions (Soufriere Hills volcano has erupted continuously since 1995)
Natural resources	fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss	negligible
Net migration rate	NA	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders	none; all independents	National Progressive Party or NPP [Reuben T. MEADE]; New People's Liberation Movement or NPLM [John A. OSBORNE]
Political pressure groups and leaders	none	NA
Population	3,105 (July 2007 est.)	9,245 note: an estimated 8,000 refugees left the island following the resumption of volcanic activity in July 1995; some have returned (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA
Population growth rate	2.44% (2007 est.)	1.03% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Plymouth (abandoned), Little Bay (anchorages and ferry landing), Carr's Bay
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides Radio 1 and Radio 2 service) (2006)	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist	Anglican, Methodist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal, Seventh-Day Adventist, other Christian denominations
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.09 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: country code - 500; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 1-664
Telephones - main lines in use	2,400 (2002)	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	0 (2001)	70 (1994)
Television broadcast stations	2 (British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides multi-channel satellite service to members of UK Forces as well as islanders); cable television is available in Stanley (2006)	1 (1997)
Terrain	rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains	volcanic island, mostly mountainous, with small coastal lowland
Total fertility rate	NA	1.79 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	full employment; labor shortage (2001)	6% (1998 est.)

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